DUBLIN INNER CITY PARTNERSHIP - DICP

Divided City: The Changing Face of Dublin’s Inner City

A Study commissioned by the Dublin Inner City Partnership (DICP)

Trutz Haase Social & Economic Consultant & Karena Byrne

Affluence and Deprivation in Dublin 1991

  • extremely disadvantaged - kilmainham, cherry orchard, west tallaght, parts of blanchardstown, coolock, darndale, dublins inner city
  • very disadvantaged - cabra, ballymun
  • majority of wealth is in the affluent south of the city

View Image of Affluence and Deprivation in Dublin 1991

Absolute and Relative Affluence in Dublin, 1991 - 2002

absolute affluence 1991

absolute affluence 1991

absolute affluence 1996

absolute affluence 1996

absolute affluence 2002

absolute affluence 2002

relative affluence 1991

relative affluence 1991

relative affluence 1996

relative affluence 1996

relative affluence 2002

relative affluence 2002

Comparison of Affluence Scores in Dublin 1991, 1996 and 2002

  1. All areas in Dublin have benifited from the economic boom
  2. Relativities in terms of affluence have largely remained the same
  3. The only exception is Dublin’s Inner City, which has undergone a profound gentrification over the past decade

Affluence and Deprivation in the DICP Area 1991

View image of Affluence and Deprivation in the DICP Area 1991

Extremely Disadvantaged

  • Mountjoy A
  • North Dock C
  • Ushers B
  • Merchants Quay A
  • Woodquay A

Very Disadvantaged

  • Mansion House A
  • Ushers A
  • Merchants Quay C
  • Aaran Quay C
  • Rotunda B
  • Ballybough A
  • Crumlin B
  • Cabra West B
  • Inns Quay C

Disadvantaged

  • North Dock B
  • Pembroke East A
  • Royal Exchange B
  • Merchants Quay F
  • Crumlin C
  • Ushers E
  • Ushers D
  • Aaran Quay D
  • Rotunda A
  • Mountjoy B
  • Cabra East B
  • Cabra West C
  • Merchants Quay B

Marginally Below Average

  • South Dock
  • North City
  • Royal Exchange A
  • Ushers F
  • Aaran Quay B
  • Aaran Quay E
  • Cabra West D
  • Cabra West C
  • Ballybough B
  • Drumcondra South B
  • North Dock A
  • Merchants Quay D
  • Inns Quay B

Marginally Above Average

  • Woodquay B
  • Botanic C
  • Botanic B
  • Cabra East A
  • Drumcondra West E

Affluent

  • Pembroke West A
  • St Kevins
  • Merchants Quay E
  • Ushers A
  • Phoenix Park
  • Inns Quay A
  • Clontarf West D
  • Arran Quay D
  • Clontarf West E

Very Affluent

  • Clontarf West C
  • Mansion House B
  • Pembroke East B
  • Rathmines East A

Extremely Affluent

  • Pembroke West C

Affluence and Deprivation in the DICP Area 2002

View image of Affluence and Deprivation in the DICP Area 2002

Extremely Disadvantaged

  • Ushers B

Very Disadvantaged

  • Ushers A
  • Cabra West B

Disadvantaged

  • Mountjoy A
  • Woodquay A
  • Merchants Quay C
  • Crumlin B
  • Ballybough A
  • Pembroke East A
  • Merchants Quay F
  • Crumlin C
  • Cabra East B
  • Merchants Quay B

Marginally Below Average

  • North Dock C
  • Merchants Quay A
  • Inns Quay C
  • North Dock B
  • Ushers E
  • Ushers D
  • Aaran Quay D
  • Rotunda A
  • Mountjoy B
  • Cabra West C
  • Aaran Quay E
  • Cabra West D
  • Cabra West C
  • Ballybough B
  • Inns Quay B
  • North Dock A
  • Inns Quay A

Marginally Above Average

  • Aaran Quay C
  • South Dock
  • North City
  • Royal Exchange A
  • Botanic C
  • Botanic B
  • Cabra East A
  • Drumcondra West E
  • Pembroke West A
  • St Kevins
  • Merchants Quay E
  • Phoenix Park
  • Clontarf West C
  • Pembroke East B

Affluent

  • Mansion House A
  • Rotunda B
  • Royal Exchange B
  • Ushers F
  • Aaran Quay B
  • Drumcondra South B
  • Merchants Quay D
  • Ushers A
  • Clontarf West D
  • Arran Quay D
  • Woodquay B
  • Clontarf West E

Very Affluent

  • Mansion House B
  • Rathmines East A
  • Pembroke West C

The Gentrification of Dublin’s Inner City

  • There is clear evidence of substantial gentrification having occurred in Dublin’s inner city since the early 1990s.
  • At least if measured at the level of Electoral Divisions (EDs), Dublin’s inner city appears to be no longer among the most deprived areas, but…
  • the question arises whether the measured outcomes at ED level are merely the result of the confounding of extreme affluence and deprivation in a densely-knit pattern at the micro level.

The Quadrants of the DICP Area and the Location of the Micro-Study Areas

View image of The Quadrants of the DICP Area and the Location of the Micro-Study Areas

Inside ICON Area

  • Mountjoy A
  • North Dock C
  • Rotunda B
  • Ballybough A
  • Rotunda A
  • Mountjoy B
  • Ballybough B
  • Drumcondra South B
  • North Dock A
  • North Dock B
  • North City

Inside SWICN Area

  • Ushers B
  • Merchants Quay A
  • Woodquay A
  • Ushers A
  • Merchants Quay C
  • Royal Exchange B
  • Merchants Quay F
  • Royal Exchange A
  • Ushers F
  • St Kevins
  • Merchants Quay E
  • Ushers A
  • Merchants Quay D
  • Woodquay B
  • Merchants Quay B

Inside SEAN Area

  • Mansion House A
  • Pembroke East A
  • South Dock
  • Pembroke West A
  • Mansion House B

Inside NWICN Area

  • Aaran Quay C
  • Inns Quay C
  • Aaran Quay B
  • Aaran Quay E
  • Aaran Quay D
  • Inns Quay B
  • Inns Quay A
  • Arran Quay D

Outside DICP Area

  • Crumlin B
  • Cabra West B
  • Crumlin C
  • Ushers E
  • Ushers D
  • Cabra East B
  • Cabra West C
  • Cabra West D
  • Cabra West C
  • Phoenix Park
  • Clontarf West D
  • Pembroke East B
  • Rathmines East A
  • Pembroke West C
  • Clontarf West E
  • Clontarf West C
  • Botanic C
  • Botanic B
  • Cabra East A
  • Drumcondra West E

Affluence and Deprivation at ED Level 2002 Showing EA Boundaries

View image of Affluence and Deprivation at ED Level 2002 Showing EA Boundaries

Extremely Disadvantaged

  • Ushers B

Very Disadvantaged

  • Ushers A
  • Cabra West B

Disadvantaged

  • Mountjoy A
  • Woodquay A
  • Merchants Quay C
  • Crumlin B
  • Ballybough A
  • Pembroke East A
  • Merchants Quay F
  • Crumlin C
  • Cabra East B
  • Merchants Quay B

Marginally Below Average

  • North Dock C
  • Merchants Quay A
  • Inns Quay C
  • North Dock B
  • Ushers E
  • Ushers D
  • Aaran Quay D
  • Rotunda A
  • Mountjoy B
  • Cabra West C
  • Aaran Quay E
  • Cabra West D
  • Cabra West C
  • Ballybough B
  • Inns Quay B
  • North Dock A
  • Inns Quay A

Marginally Above Average

  • Aaran Quay C
  • South Dock
  • North City
  • Royal Exchange A
  • Botanic C
  • Botanic B
  • Cabra East A
  • Drumcondra West E
  • Pembroke West A
  • St Kevins
  • Merchants Quay E
  • Phoenix Park
  • Clontarf West C
  • Pembroke East B

Affluent

  • Mansion House A
  • Rotunda B
  • Royal Exchange B
  • Ushers F
  • Aaran Quay B
  • Drumcondra South B
  • Merchants Quay D
  • Merchants Quay B
  • Ushers A
  • Clontarf West D
  • Arran Quay D
  • Woodquay B
  • Clontarf West E

Very Affluent

  • Mansion House B
  • Rathmines East A
  • Pembroke West C

Affluence and Deprivation at EA Level 2002

View image of Affluence and Deprivation at EA Level 2002

Very Disadvantaged

  • Ushers A
  • Cabra West B

Disadvantaged

  • Mountjoy A
  • Merchants Quay C
  • Woodquay A
  • Crumlin B
  • Crumlin C
  • Cabra East B

Marginally Below Average

  • Ushers B
  • Ushers D
  • Cabra West C
  • Aaran Quay E
  • Cabra West D
  • Cabra West C
  • Inns Quay A

Marginally Above Average

  • Inns Quay C
  • North Dock B
  • Merchants Quay F
  • South Dock
  • Aaran Quay B
  • North Dock A
  • Merchants Quay D
  • Inns Quay B
  • Phoenix Park
  • Botanic C
  • Botanic B
  • Cabra East A
  • Drumcondra West E
  • Clontarf West C
  • Pembroke East B
  • Merchants Quay B

Affluent

  • Ballybough A
  • Pembroke East A
  • Mountjoy B
  • Ushers F
  • Woodquay B
  • Clontarf West E
  • Clontarf West D

Very Affluent

  • Merchants Quay A
  • Mansion House A
  • Aaran Quay C
  • Rotunda B
  • Aaran Quay D
  • Rotunda A
  • Ushers E
  • North City
  • Ballybough B
  • St Kevins
  • Merchants Quay E
  • Ushers A
  • Rathmines East A
  • Pembroke West C
  • Drumcondra South B
  • Arran Quay D

Extremely Affluent

  • North Dock C
  • Royal Exchange B
  • Pembroke West A
  • Mansion House B
  • Royal Exchange A

INCA Affluence Scores in the DICP Area

View image of INCA Affluence Scores in the DICP Area

North West Inner City: Inns Quay C

Coleraine Street DisadvantagedTemple Cottages AffluentChurch Street Very AffluentBeresford Street Very AffluentGreek Street Extremely DisadvantagedChancery Place Very DisadvantagedChancery Place Very DisadvantagedUpper Domnick Street marginally Above AverageUpper Domnick Street Marginally Above AverageHenrietta Street Marginally Above AverageBolton Street AffluentHenrietta Place Marginally Below AverageNoth King Street AffluentNorth Anne Street Very AffluentNorth King Street DisadvantagedChancery Street Very DisadvantagedOrmond Square Very DisadvantagedMap of North West Inner CityKey for Previous Image

North East Inner City: North Dock C

Larkin House North Strand Extremely Disadvantaged Upper Oriel Street Marginally Above Average Custom House Harbour Affluent Custom House Harbour Very Affluent Shamrock Cottages Extremely Disadvantaged Seville Place Extremely Disadvantaged Lower Sheriff Street Marginally Above Average Mariner's Port Marginally Above Average Seville Place Marginally Above Average Spencer Dock / Crinan Strand Disadvantaged Second Avenue Marginally Above Average North Wall Quay Affluent First Avenue Marginally Above Average Lower Mayor Street Affluent Lower Mayor Street Affluent Lower Oriel Street Extremely Disadvantaged Lower Oriel Street Extremely Disadvantaged Map of North East Inner CityKey for Previous Image

South West Inner City: Ushers B

The Maltings Island Street Affluent The New Maltings Watling Street Marginally Above Average Viking Harbour Usher's Island Very Affluent Viking Harbour Usher's Island Very Affluent The Atrium Island Street Disadvanteged Pier 19 Bridgefoot Street Marginally Above Average Bridgefoot Street Development Site Bridgefoot Street Extremely Disadvantaged Marshal Lane Bridgefoot Street Extremely Disadvantaged Marshal Lane Bridgefoot Street Extremely Disadvantaged Emmet Buildings Watling Street Disadvantaged Emmet Buildings Watling Street Disadvantaged Emmet Buildings Watling Street Disadvantaged The Maltings Bonham Street Extremely Affluent The Maltings Bonham Street Extremely Affluent Map of South West Inner City Key for Previous Image

South East Inner City: Mansion House A

Poolbeg Street Extremely Affluent Dowling’s Court Affluent Lombard Street East Affluent Lombard Court Affluent Creighton Street now demolished and rebuilt Disadvantaged Windmill Lane Marginally Above Average Lime Street Marginally Above Average Pearse House Extremely Disadvantaged Pearse House Extremely Disadvantaged Fenian Street Affluent Boyne Street Affluent Lower Sandwith Street Affluent Markievicz House Townsend Street Marginally Above Average College Street Marginally Above Average Townsend Street Very Affluent Map of South East Inner City Key for Previous Image

A Densely-knit Patchwork of Extreme Affluence and Deprivation

Analysis using INCA scores at the level of individual streets and neighbourhoods reveals:

  • Practically all local authority housing estates are in the most disadvantage categories.
  • Mixed neighbourhoods have about average degrees of affluence.
  • New infill developments - largely comprising gated communities of private apartments - are in the highly affluent categories.

Urban Renewal, Gentrification, and a New Set of Problems for Marginalised Communities in Dublin’s Inner City

Population Change in Dublin and the Inner City, 1961 – 2006

View image of Population Change in Dublin and the Inner City, 1961 – 2006

Trends

  • 1961 - DICP & Dublin both at 100
  • 1971 - Dublin is 120, DICP is 80
  • 1981 - Dublin is 140, DICP is 60
  • 1991 - Dublin is 143, DICP is 49
  • 2006 - Dublin is 165, DICP is 73

Issues arising at the ‘Macro’ Level

  • Thirty years of neglect of Dublin’s Inner City (1960 – 1990)
  • Urban renewal post 1990 through market-led development
  • The quality of the built environment
  • The quantity and quality of social housing (Part V)
  • The working - or not - of Integrated Area Plans (IAPs)

Issues arising at the ‘Micro’ Level

…for the ‘new’ communities:

  • sustainability of emerging ‘communities’ (size of apartments, transient population, security of tenure, sense of security, etc.)
  • addressing the legacy of gated communities (they now exist and need to be addressed!)

Issues arising at the ‘Micro’ Level

…for the ‘old’ communities:

  • displacement, isolation and marginalisation
  • the extent of poverty and deprivation
  • sharing in the wider improvement

The ‘Hidden’ Disadvantaged (DICP Area)

Number & Percentage of Disadvantaged in the DICP Area
Category 1991 % 2002 % 1991 Numbers 2002 Numbers
Lone Parents 31.6 47.5 2,054 3,291
People with Disabilities n/a 9.9 n/a 10,846
Aged 65+, living alone 5.6 3.5 4,602 3,796
Primary Education only 45.4 23.3 30,451 15,470
Semi & unskilled Workers 39.2 24.0 24,418 16,813
Foreign Nationality n/a 26.8 n/a 29,422
Local Autority Rented 31.7 18.3 9,667 7,765
Male/Female Unemployed + First Job Seekers 35.4/26.7 15.9/11.3 11,385 8,421
Homeless People ? ?
People with Drug Problems ? ?
Population +34.6 81,508 109,734

New Policy Directions

  • Since the early 1990s, Dublin’s Inner City has changed from being an area of wide-spread poverty to one of a close-knit patchwork of considerable affluence and disadvantage at the micro level.
  • This requires greater emphasis on targeting those individuals, families and neighbourhoods that experience greatest needs.
  • There is a need for more precise monitoring and evaluation of how those in greatest need have been affected by
    • urban renewal and Integrated Area Plans in general
    • services by Government departments and state agencies
    • the activities of the DICP and supported initiatives

Divided City

DICP Dublin Inner City Data

Census 2006

DICP forum on acute poverty

Forum on acute poverty 14th. Nov. 2008 - Listen to the speakers

Divided City

The Changing Face of Dublin’s Inner City (Presentation 2008) (PDF 5.97mb)

Six Year Progress Report

Childcare report

Newsletter

A Study of the Needs of Socially-Excluded Males in Dublin Inner City

Public Private Partnership

Public Private Partnerships - Case For Investment (DOC 187kb)

School Cultural Mediation Project

School Cultural Mediation Project Evaluation Report (DOC 359kb)


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